The Australian Parliament's Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade tabled a report into Australia's Relationship with Malaysia in March 2007 . The report noted the changing nature of Australia's relationship with Malaysia - from one of support in the early years of Malaysia's formation to the present wide-ranging and extensive collaboration across all fields . Defence and Security Links Australia's defence relationship with Malaysia dates back to well before Malaysia's independence in 1957, and reflects a common commitment to the security and stability of the region .   The relationship is based on practical cooperation including the Malaysia-Australia Joint Defence Program, an ongoing Australian presence at the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) Base at Butterworth, and common membership of the Five Power Defence Arrangements . In February 2005, DFAT published a book entitled Australia and the Formation of Malaysia 1961-1966, which documents Australia's support for the establishment of Malaysia and defence of its territorial integrity . Bilateral defence cooperation occurs through the Malaysia-Australia Joint Defence Program, which formally commenced in 1992 under this name (although Australian defence cooperation assistance to Malaysia dates back to 1964) .   The program includes the training of Malaysian military personnel in Australia, the attachment of Armed Forces personnel from each country to the other, and annual combined field exercises . Australia is Malaysia's major source of external military training . Formally established in 1971, the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) commits Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom to consult on a response to any armed attack or threat against Malaysia or Singapore .  The FPDA provides a valuable framework for conducting combined training exercises .   More recently, the FPDA has expanded its focus to address non-conventional security threats facing the region, including terrorism and maritime security . Australia and Malaysia cooperate closely on a range of security issues, with good links between police and immigration agencies .   In August 2002, Australia and Malaysia signed an MoU on cooperation to combat international terrorism .   Bilateral agreements on mutual assistance in criminal matters, and extradition, entered into force on 28 December 2006 . Education Australian expertise in education and training is highly regarded in Malaysia .  Bilateral links in this sector date back to the 1950s through the Colombo Plan .   Education for Malaysian students has traditionally been provided at universities in Australia, but university twinning arrangements and Australian campuses in Malaysia now allow Malaysian students to undertake Australian courses in Malaysia .  Three Australian universities have campuses in Malaysia including Monash University, and in Sarawak - Curtin University and Swinburne University of Technology .